Title case, sentence case and other letter cases

The case converter switches text between four styles. This guide explains what each one is for, and how the tool behaves so that you can fix any edge cases by hand.

UPPER CASE

Every letter is a capital. It is useful for short labels, acronyms and warnings, but long passages in capitals are slow to read and can feel like shouting.

lower case

Every letter is small. It is handy for tidying text copied from a source that capitalised everything, and for creating web addresses, file names or tags that should be consistent.

Title Case

Used for headings, book titles and headlines. Style guides disagree on the details. Most agree that the first and last words are capitalised, and most lowercase short words such as a, an, the, and, but and or in the middle of a title. They differ on short prepositions. One common newspaper style lowercases prepositions of three letters or fewer, whereas another widely used style lowercases all prepositions regardless of length. If a particular style guide applies to you, follow it.

How this tool works: it capitalises the first letter of every word and lowercases the rest. That is a simple and predictable rule, but it does not know the small-word exceptions, so after converting you may want to lowercase words like of or the yourself. Hyphenated words get a capital after each hyphen.

Sentence case

The first letter of each sentence is a capital and the rest of the text is lowercase. Sentence case is the usual style for body text and is increasingly common for headings too, because it reads naturally. How this tool works: it lowercases everything, then capitalises the first letter after a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Proper nouns, such as the names of people and places, and the word I, will be lowercased, so check these after converting.

Which should I use?

• Headline or book title: Title Case, following your style guide.
• Body text, emails and most web headings: sentence case.
• Text copied from a PDF with strange capitals: convert to lowercase, then to sentence case.
• Button labels and menu items: follow the style used by the rest of your interface and keep it consistent.

Tips

Your text stays in your browser. It is not uploaded, so you can use the converter for private drafts. Always read the result before you send or publish it.